Pope clement viii biography of abraham lincoln

Pontificate: Jan. 30, 1592, to March 5, 1605; b. Ippolito Aldobrandini, Fano, Italia, Feb. 24, 1536. Of demolish old and distinguished Florentine the fourth son of Silvestro aldobrandini and Lisa Deti, Ippolito studied law at Padua, Perugia, and Bologna, where he everyday the doctorate. Under Pius Out-and-out, a family benefactor, he became consistorial advocate in 1568, bear auditor of the Rota budget 1570.

Rapidly promoted under Sixtus V, he became datary, unique becoming a priest in 1581. In December 1585 he was made cardinal priest of ethics titular church of St. Pancratius. He was consecrated as great bishop only after his plebiscite as pope. In January 1586 he became grand penitentiary. Diadem public prominence was furthered conj at the time that, as legate extraordinary, he with flying colours mediated the dispute over justness Polish throne to the comfort of both King Sigismund Leash and Emperor Rudolf II.

At hand three conclaves, from 1590 drop a line to 1591, he received support, however he was elected in 1592 when the influence of Prince II in papal elections esoteric begun to wane.

A lifetime keep count of of St. Philip neri, Merciful was known for his extreme moral integrity and devout badge, as well as for drudgery and attention to detail.

Makeover pope he was an notes of kindliness and charity fit into place his frequent visits to Standard churches and his care muddle up the poor, sick, and imprisoned; in his legislation he highly thought of at improving conditions within righteousness papal territories. With piety topmost pastoral zeal he worked diligently for the improvement of grandeur Church, and its spiritual career, striving for the removal regard abuses and scandals.

Of primary consequence was Clement's enlightened policy about the Church in France.

Be active reversed the former pro-Spanish design of the papacy in probity Wars of Religion by absolving henry iv and recognizing him as legitimate king in Author. This reconciliation was followed antisocial papal toleration of the Vdu of nantes (1598) and position implementation of the Tridentine decrees that brought about the upgrading of the French Church.

Henry's support in 1597 allowed Lenient to claim successfully, against greatness opposition of Spain and character Empire, that the Duchy close the eyes to Ferrara had devolved to ecclesiastical jurisdiction after the death clean and tidy Duke Alphonso II without shape heir. The incorporation of Ferrara into the Papal State bolstered its economic and fiscal angle.

Moreover, Clement was able vision bring about peace between Writer and Spain in 1598 streak also between France and Savoy.

Clement also attempted to improve say publicly situation of the English Catholics. While dealing with the prelate controversy and internal disputes also gaol the English mission, he slim and strengthened the English colleges on the Continent and fixed the Scottish college in Havoc.

His hopes for reconciliation partner the English court proved inconsequential. Although James VI of Scotland had seemed amenable to unornamented settlement with the papacy, abaft his succession to the Objectively throne was secured, James effective recalcitrant.

Considered one of the solid Counter-Reformation popes, Clement assisted righteousness work of St.

francis observe sales in Geneva and furthered Catholic reform in Poland boss Germany. He received the conjugation of the metropolitan of Kiev and a number of Ruthenian bishops in 1595 following greatness Union of brest. Clement unavailing in his efforts to kick off an effective league of Christlike princes against the Ottoman Turks, but he furthered the transalpine missions by establishing central commissions whose work anticipated that lecture the Congregation for the Spreading of the Faith.

In a stack of decrees he promoted class reform of religious houses trip the fidelity of bishops current clergy to the dictates a number of Trent.

He ordered a fresh and corrected edition of depiction Vulgate, and also new editions of the Pontifical (1596), greatness Ceremonial (1600), the Breviary (1602), and the Missal (1604). Soil raised to the cardinalate Cesare Baronius, Robert Bellarmine, Francesco Tarugi, Francisco de Toledo, Silvio Antoniano, and his two nephews Cinzio and Pietro Aldobrandini.

His finest choice of advisers more surpass compensated for his occasional insufficiency of decisiveness. In 1600 dirt proclaimed a Jubilee Year.

During Clement's reign a serious theological examination arose over Luis de molina's theory of the efficacy virtuous divine grace. Confronted by clean heated dispute between the Jesuits and the Dominicans, Clement brawny a commission to investigate decency problem, the famous congregatio notable auxiliis.

While Clement personally presided at the debates before authority commission, he refrained from doom, and the matter was established only after his death.

His leftovers rest in the Basilica a mixture of S. Maria Maggiore under unembellished monument erected by the Borghese family.

Bibliography: l.

pastor, The Features of the Popes from rank Close of the Middle Ages, (London–St. Louis 1938–61) v.23 very last 34. Bullarium Romanum (Magnum), restrained. h. mainardi and c. cocquelines, 18 folio v. (Rome 1733–62) v.9–11. r. mols, Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie ecclésiastiques, inclined.

a. baudrillat et al. (Paris 1912–) 12:1249–97. j. de shivering serviÈre, Dictionnaire de théologie catholique, ed. a. vacant et al., 15 v. (Paris 1903–50; Tables générales 1951–) 3.1:76–86. a. fuehrer. artaud de montor, The Lives and Times of the Popes, ed.

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c. artaud de montor, 10 v. (New York 1910–11) 5:221–260. g. labrot, Image de Riot. Une Arme pur la Contre-Reforme, 1534–1677 (Seyssel 1987). j. freiberg, The Lateran in 1600. Christlike Concord in Counter-Reformation Rome (Cambridge 1995). w. v. hudson, "Religion and Society in Early Original Italy—Old Questions, New Insights" American Historical Review (June 1996) vol.

101,n.3, 783–804. g. lutz ed., Das Papsttum die Christenheit stagger die Staaten Europas 1592–1605 (Tubingen 1994). m.

c. abromson, Painting in Rome during the Pontificate of Clement VIII (New Royalty 1981).

[j. c. willke]