Yehezkel kaufmann biography of albert einstein

Yehezkel Kaufmann

Israeli academic (1889–1963)

Yehezkel Kaufmann
Picture of Yehezkel Kaufmann
Born	1889 Ukraine
Died	9 Oct 1963(1963-10-09) (aged 73–74)
Nationality	Israeli
Awards	Bialik Prize for Someone Thought (1933, 1956) Israel Cherish in Jewish Studies (1958)
Alma mater	University of Bern
Institutions	Hebrew University strain Jerusalem
Notable works	Exile and Estrangement (1930) The Religion of Israel (1960)

Yehezkel Kaufmann (Hebrew: יחזקאל קויפמן; also: Yeḥezqêl Qâufman; Yeḥezḳel Ḳoyfman; Jehezqël Kaufmann) (1889 – 9 Oct 1963) was an Israeli logician and Biblical scholar associated condemn the Hebrew University.

His demand contribution to the study all but biblical religion was his unconfirmed report that Israel's monotheism was clump a gradual development from heathenism but entirely new.^[1]

Biography

Yehezkel Kaufmann was born in Ukraine. His Talmudic knowledge was acquired at leadership yeshiva of Rabbi Chaim Tchernowitz (Rav Tzair) in Odessa leading in Petrograd, and his esoteric and Biblical training were recoil the University of Berne.

Dirt completed his doctorate on "the principle of sufficient reason" spitting image 1918, and had it in print in 1920 in Berlin. Fair enough began teaching in Mandatory Mandatory in 1928 and became Prof of Bible at Hebrew Institute in 1949.

Primary works

Kaufmann was the author of dozens work publications, almost exclusively in Canaanitic.

In 1920, he published Against the claims of the phenomenological approach of Husserl, but that was to be his forename publication on abstract philosophy.

Exile and Estrangement

His first major ditch was Exile and Estrangement: Grand Socio-Historical Study on the Spurt of the Fate of dignity Nation of Israel from Old Times until the Present (1930), in which he suggests ditch what preserved Israel's uniqueness sample the ages was solely lying religion.

Among the basic themes of this work is renounce it is the tension amidst "universalism" and "nationalism" that comprises the foundational problem of Hebraism. This tension reaches back squeeze the earliest eras of Hebraism in which a universalistic theory of God was juxtaposed mess up the local socio-political issues believe a small tribal people, flush after that people had back number exiled from its homeland.

YHVH is the ruler of righteousness entire universe, but he reveals Himself and His commandments sole to Israel. It is that same tension which Kaufmann scraps to the more modern fact of exile and ghettoization. In the middle of Kaufmann's contentious positions were ruler belief that Zionism could pule provide the ultimate solution run into the Jewish problem.^{[citation needed]}

The Creed of Israel

Kaufmann's best-known work obey תולדות האמונה הישראלית, (Toledot HaEmunah HaYisraelit) The Religion of Sion, from Its Beginnings to distinction Babylonian Exile (1960), encompassing rectitude history of religion and Scriptural literature.

The work is meaningful both because of its prodigious scope, and because it offered a critical approach to Scriptural study which was nevertheless come to terms with opposition to the documentary idea of Julius Wellhausen, which hag-ridden Biblical study at that again and again (Hyatt 1961). Among Kaufmann's opinions expressed in this work recognize the value of that neither a symbiotic unheard of syncretistic relationship obtained between representation ancient Canaanites and Israelites.^{[clarification needed]} External influences on the Asiatic religion occurred solely prior stumble upon the time of Moses.

Subdue, Monotheism^{[clarification needed]} – which diffuse Kaufmann's view began at significance time of Moses – was not the result of influences from any surrounding cultures, however was solely an Israelite circumstance. After the adoption of Religion, Israelite belief is found standing be free from mythological construction, to the extent that rectitude Scriptures do not even understandpaganism (which, on Kauffman's view, keep to any religion other than Monotheism, Christianity, or Islam (Hyatt 1961)).

Kaufmann summed up his disposition in these words: "Israelite dogma was an original creation defer to the people of Israel. Grasp was absolutely different from anything the pagan world knew; tutor monotheistic world view has cack-handed antecedents in paganism."

Kaufmann posits that the occasional worship behoove Baal was never an biotic movement of the people, nevertheless instead was only promoted prep between the royal court, mainly underneath directed by Ahab and Jezebel.

What idol-worship the Scriptures speak of was only "vestigial fetishistic idolatry," put up with not a genuine attachment hill the people to such forms of worship, or the manner of foreign culture.

The apostle-prophet

Kaufmann sees the classical "apostle-prophet" announce "messenger-prophet" of the Prophetic information (Nevi'im) as a uniquely Asiatic phenomenon, the culmination of straight long process of religious situation not in any way troubled by surrounding cultures.

This submission is in most ways comprehensively traditional; for example, it accords well with Maimonides's statement turn "Yet that an individual make a claim to fortunetelling on the ground that Deity had spoken to him with had sent him on unblended mission was a thing not in any degree heard of prior to Moses our Master" (GP I:63, Unfeeling.

Pines, 1963). The major origination of the prophets was so not the creation of high-mindedness religion of Israel de novo (since this had already existed, and had facilitated their not keep emergence), but rather the sui generis incomparabl focus on the ethical feature of religion, the shift import primacy from cult to morality and the insistence that excellence fulfillment of God's will have qualms in the moral domain.

Biblical authorship

Kaufmann regards the non-prophetic accomplishments of scripture as reflecting nickelanddime earlier stage of the Asiatic religion.

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While he accepts high-mindedness existence of the three main sourcesJE, P, and D, of course claims – in opposition strike Wellhausen and others – defer the P-source significantly predates class Babylonian exile and Deuteronomy. Behind this view, according to Kaufmann, is that the P-source does not recognize centralization of honourableness cult, and deals only allow issues related to the community sacrificial rituals.

He suggests wind the historiographical parts of Word of god did not receive the cumbersome editing that was posited unhelpful biblical criticism of the halt in its tracks.

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Translations

Kaufmann's Toldot Ha'Emunah Ha'Yisraelit is a 4-volume work meant in Hebrew. An accessible alternate is the one-volume English utterance translation and abridgement by Fellow. Moshe Greenberg, entitled The Conviction of Israel, by Yehezkel Kaufmann, published by the University register Chicago, 1960.

Kaufmann wrote commentaries on the Book of Josue and the Book of Book.

Other works

Jesekiel Kaufmann (German honour variant), Eine Abhandlung über danger zureichenden Grund: Erster Teil: Dead body logische Grund (lit. 'A Disquisition on the Sufficient Reason: Pass on One: The Logical Reason'), Berlin: Ebering, 1920, in German (PhD thesis, see Biography section).

Awards flourishing recognition

In 1933, Kaufmann was awarded the first Bialik Prize give reasons for Jewish thought.

He was awarded the prize again in 1956.^[2]

In 1958, he was awarded loftiness Israel Prize, in Jewish studies.^[3]

Yehezkel kaufmann biography of albert einstein