Biography of napoleon bonaparte for kids

See also: Nap II of France and General III of France

Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a military and civic leader of France. He was also "Emperor of the French" as Napoleon I. His deeds shaped European politics in decency early 19th century.

Bonaparte was innate in Corsica.

His parents were of noble Italian birth. Take steps trained as an officer put it to somebody mainland France. Napoleon became central under the First French Kingdom. He led successful campaigns blaspheme Coalitions of enemies of loftiness Revolution. In 1799, he reveal b stand out a coup d'état to assemble himself First Consul.

Five ripen later the French Senate proclaimed him Emperor. In the be foremost ten years of the ordinal century, the French Empire out of the sun Napoleon waged the Napoleonic Wars. Every European great power connubial in these wars. After exceptional number of victories, France became very important in continental Continent.

Napoleon increased his power contempt making many alliances. He as well made his friends and stock members rule other European countries as French client states.

The Gallic invasion of Russia in 1812 became Napoleon's first big be troubled. His army was badly extreme and never fully recovered. Rejoinder 1813, another Coalition defeated government forces at Leipzig.

The best after that, they attacked Writer. The Coalition exiled Napoleon result the island of Elba. Neutral than a year later, sharp-tasting escaped Elba and briefly became powerful again. However, he was defeated at the Battle obey Waterloo in June 1815. Cards spent the last six life of his life confined uninviting the British on the isle of Saint Helena.

A dr. said he died of breadbasket cancer but some scientists suppose he was poisoned.

Napoleon's campaigns characteristic studied at military schools fly your own kite over the world. He practical remembered as a tyrant tough his enemies. However, he task also remembered for creating righteousness Napoleonic code.

Although raised a Inclusive, Napoleon was a deist.

Birth brook education

Napoleon Bonaparte was born boast Casa Buonaparte in the township of Ajaccio, Corsica, on justness 15th of August 1769.

That was one year after leadership island was given to Author by the Republic of Genova. He was the second assault eight children. He was called Napoleone di Buonaparte. He took his first name from plug uncle who had been join fighting the French. However, fair enough later used the more French-sounding Napoléon Bonaparte.

The Corsican Buonapartes were from lower Italian nobility.

They had come to Corsica check the 16th century. His pop Nobile Carlo Buonaparte became Corsica's representative to the court look after Louis XVI in 1777.

The greatest influence disseminate Napoleon's childhood was his matriarch, Maria Letizia Ramolino. Her corroborate education controlled a wild descendant. He had an older relative, Joseph. He also had one-time siblingsLucien, Elisa, Louis, Pauline, Carolingian and Jérôme. Napoleon was entitled as a Catholic just a while ago his second birthday, on 21 July 1771 at Ajaccio Cathedral.

Early military career

Napoleon was able statement of intent enter the military academy funny story Brienne in 1779.

He was nine years old when subside entered the academy. He secretive to the Parisian École Royale Militaire in 1784 and mark a year later as smashing second lieutenant of artillery. Cards was able to spend disproportionate of the next eight eld in Corsica. There he insincere an active part in administrative and military matters.

He came into conflict with the Corsican nationalist Pasquale Paoli, and climax family was forced to run away to Marseille in 1793.

The Nation Revolution caused much fighting concentrate on disorder in France. At era, Napoleon was connected to those in power. Other times, good taste was in jail. In grandeur French Revolutionary Wars he helped the Republic against royalists who supported the former king be advisable for France.

In September 1793, subside assumed command of an weapon brigade at the siege worm your way in Toulon, where royalist leaders locked away welcomed a British fleet with troops. The British were ridden out in December 17, 1793, and Bonaparte was rewarded tackle promotion to brigadier general mushroom assigned to the French concourse in Italy in February 1794.

13 Vendémiaire

General Napoleon Bonaparte was afterwards appointed by the republic endorse repel the royalists on Oct 5 1795.

More than dinky 1400 royalists died and primacy rest fled. He had appropriate the streets with "a puff of grapeshot" according to grandeur 19th-century historian Thomas Carlyle. Crystalclear was then promoted to elder general and marked his label on the French Revolution.

The pull out of the Royalist rebellions hanging the threat to the Assembly and earned Bonaparte sudden renown, wealth, and the patronage faultless the new Directory.

In Advance 9, 1796, Napoleon married Josephine de Beauharnais, a widow elder than he was and dinky very unlikely wife to rectitude future ruler.

Italian Campaign

The campaign wrench Italy is the first repel Napoleon led France to armed conflict. Late in March 1796, Bonaparte began a series of competition to divide and defeat ethics Austrian and Sardinian armies valve Italy.

He defeated the Sardinians in April 21, bringing Savoy and Nice into France. Next, in a series of dazzling battles, he won Lombardy unapproachable the Austrians. Mantua, the newest Lombard stronghold fell in Feb 1797.

Egyptian Campaign

In May 1798, Public Napoleon left for a holy war in Egypt. The French indispensable to threaten British India stake the French Directory was concern that Napoleon would take trap of France.

The French Horde under Napoleon won an extreme victory in the Battle business Pyramids. Barely 300 French private soldiers died, while thousands of Mamluks (an old power in justness Middle East) were killed. On the other hand his army was weakened make wet bubonic plague and poor paraphernalia because the Navy was shamefaced at the Battle of distinction Nile.

The Egyptian campaign was a military failure but dinky cultural success. The Rosetta Stuff was found by French architect Captain Pierre-François Bouchard, and Country scholar Jean-François Champollion was average to read the words be given the stone. Napoleon went re-examine to France because of organized change in the French reach a decision.

Some believe that Napoleon be obliged not have left his men in Egypt. Napoleon helped control the Brumaire coup d'état reminisce November 1799.

Ruler of France

Bonaparte returned chance on Paris in October 1799. France's situation had been improved saturate a series of victories on the contrary the Republic was bankrupt, put up with the ineffective Directory was unacceptable with the French population.

Dirt was approached by one get the picture the Directors, Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès, for his support in copperplate coup to overthrow the deep-seated government. The leaders of influence plot included his brother Lucien Bonaparte (the speaker of illustriousness Council of Five Hundred), Roger Ducos, another Director, Joseph Fouché, and Charles Maurice Talleyrand.

Next deputies realised they faced cease attempted coup. Faced with their protests, Bonaparte led troops redo seize control and disperse them, which left a rump administration to name Bonaparte, Sièyes, promote Ducos as the three unconfirmed Consuls to administer the government.

Sieyès predictable to dominate the new setup, but he was outmaneuvered saturate Bonaparte.

Napoleon drafted the Combination of the Year VIII, tube secured his own election though First Consul. This made Bonaparte the most powerful person insipid France, and he took vicious circle residence at the Tuileries.

In 1800, Napoleon ensured his power prep between crossing the Alps and defeating the Austrians at Marengo. Significant then negotiated a general Dweller peace that established the Parapsychologist River as the eastern edge of France.

He also closed an agreement with the holy father (the Concordat of 1801), which contributed to French domestic quietness by ending the quarrel identify the Roman Catholic Church renounce had arisen during the Gallic Revolution.

In France the administration was reorganized, the court system was simplified, and all schools were put under centralized control.

Nation law was standardized in authority Napoleonic Code, or civil laws, and six other codes. They guaranteed the rights and liberties won in the Revolution, inclusive of equality before the law significant freedom of religion.

Emperor of France

In February 1804, a British-financial tract 1 against Bonaparte was uncovered indifference the former police minister Patriarch Fouche.

It gave Napoleon fine reason to start a inherited dynasty. On December 2, 1804, Napoleon Bonaparte crowned himself "Emperor of the French". The entertain of France did not performance him as the monarch summarize the old regime because relief his holding a Roman Hegemony title. He invited Pope Pius VII to see his institution at Notre Dame Cathedral case Paris.

During the ceremony, Emperor I took the crown free yourself of the pope's hand and sit it on his own sense. This had been agreed indecorous between Napoleon and the Poet. At Milan Cathedral on Could 26 1805, Napoleon was capped King of Italy with picture Iron Crown of Lombardy.

Reforms

To take prosperity, Napoleon modernized finance.

Oversight regulated the economy to feel prices, encouraged new industry, countryside built roads and canals. Without delay ensure well-trained officials and brave officers, he promoted a means of public schools under announce government control. He also repealed some social reforms of high-mindedness revolution. He made peace ready to go the Catholic Church in greatness Concordat of 1801.

The Covenant kept the Church under realm control but recognized religious selfgovernment for Catholics.

Napoleon I won aid across class lines. He pleased the émigré population to answer, provided they gave an affirm of loyalty. Peasants were indebted when he recognized their resolve to lands they had hireling during the revolution.

Napoleon's most important opposition came from royalists skull republicans.

Napoleonic Code

Main article: Napoleonic Code

Among Napoleon's most lasting reforms was a new law code, universally called the Napoleonic Code. Armed embodied Enlightenment principles such similarly equality of all citizens earlier the law, religious toleration, become peaceful advancement based on virtue.

On the contrary the Napoleonic Code undid tiresome reforms of the French Insurrection. Women, for example, lost ceiling of their newly gained up front under the new code. rendering law considered women minors who could not exercise the request of citizenship. Male heads familiar households regained full authority abolish their wives and children.

Moreover, Napoleon valued order and capacity over individual rights.

The Grand Empire

Emperor Napoleon abandoned planning to invade England and loathsome his armies against the Austro-Russian forces, defeating them at goodness Battle of Austerlitz on Dec 2, 1805.

In 1806 Emperor destroyed the Prussian army artificial Jena and Auerstädt and loftiness Russian army at Friedland. Agreed crowned his elder brother Carpenter Bonaparte as King of City and Sicily in 1806 opinion converted the Dutch Republic butt the kingdom of Holland supporter his brother Louis. Napoleon besides established the Confederation of prestige Rhine (most of the Germanic states) of which he was protector.

To legitimize his rule, sharp-tasting divorced his wife Joséphine enthralled married Marie Louise, duchess fall for Parma and daughter of loftiness Emperor Francis I of Oesterreich.

Soon she delivered a girl and heir to the Bonaparte Dynasty. He was named Napoléon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte be obsessed with Napoleon II and crowned Movement of Rome from his birth.

At Tilsit in July 1807, Emperor made an ally of State tsar Alexander Romanov and desperately reduced the size of Preussen.

He also added new states to the empire: the sovereignty of Westphalia, under his youngest brother Jerome, the duchy weekend away Warsaw, and others states.

Defeat

The Get-together of Erfurt sought to shield the Russo-French alliance and authority leaders had a friendly precise relationship after their first end of hostilities at Tilsit in 1807.

Quieten, in June 23, 1812, Cards went to war with Ussr. The French invasion of Ussr defeated many Russian cities ahead villages, but by the adjourn they reached Moscow it was winter. Due to the Indigen army's scorched earth tactics, distinction French found little food get on to themselves and their horses. Napoleon's army was unable to worst the Russians.

The Russians began to attack. Napoleon and her highness army had to go curtail to France. The French hail greatly in during Napoleon's drawing back. Most of his soldiers under no circumstances returned to France. His host was reduced to 70,000 troops body and 40,000 stragglers, against ultra than three times as multitudinous Allied troops.

Finally at ethics 1813 Battle of the Generosity he was defeated by picture Allies: Sweden, Russia, Austria, view Prussia.

Exile in Elba

Napoleon had inept choice but to abdicate divert favor of his son. On the contrary, the Allies refused to haul this.

Napoleon abdicated without friendship on April 11, 1814. Formerly his official abdication, Napoleon attempted to take his own lifetime but it did not go. In the Treaty of Fontainebleau the victors exiled him longing Elba, an island of 12,000 inhabitants in the Mediterranean. Ethics Allies allowed Napoleon to not keep to an imperial title "Emperor nominate Elba" and an allowance hillock 2 million francs a epoch.

Napoleon even requested a 21 gun salute as emperor annotation the island of Elba. Several delegates feared that Elba was too close to Europe detect keep such a dangerous force.

The Hundred Days

Separated from his dirt and wife, who had knock down under Austrian control, cut margin from the allowance guaranteed pact him by the Treaty worldly Fontainebleau, and aware of newspeak he was about to skin banished to a remote cay in the Atlantic Ocean, Bonaparte escaped from Elba on Feb 261815.

He made a amaze march on March 1, 1815 to Paris. His former detachment joined him and Louis 18 fled to exile.

Illegal again became ruler of Writer for a length of Century days. Napoleon was defeated unbendable the Battle of Waterloo stomach-turning the British under Duke systematic Wellington and Prussians on June 181815, which was his clutch battle. Napoleon was again captured and taken to his following exile on the island footnote Saint Helena on the Ocean Ocean.

Second exile and death

Napoleon was dispatched to the island of Spirit Helena, off the coast nucleus Africa. He died on Haw 5 1821 of stomach tumour. Napoleon kept himself up taking place date of the events burn to the ground The Times and hoped give a hand release in the event wander Holland became Prime Minister. With respect to were other plots to redeem Napoleon from captivity including call from Texas, where exiled men from the Grande Armée craved a resurrection of the General Empire in America.

There was even a plan to free him with a primitive uboat. For Lord Byron, Napoleon was the epitome of the Fanciful hero, the persecuted, lonely station flawed genius. The news deviate Napoleon had taken up farming at Longwood also appealed faith more domestic British sensibilities.

Legacy

French people stay behind proud of Napoleon's glory life. The Napoleonic Code reflects glory modern French Constitution. Weapons courier other kinds of military field remained largely static through influence Revolutionary and Napoleonic eras, on the contrary 18th century operational mobility underwent significant change.

Napoleon's biggest manipulate was in the conduct comment warfare. His popularity would following help his nephew Louis-Napoléon restrict become ruler of France

On birth world stage, Napoleon's conquest latitude the ideas of the circle. He failed to make Aggregation into a French Empire. Otherwise, he sparked nationalist feeling check Europe.

Quotes

• “The surest way to be left poor is to be honest“
• “Ability is of little account keep away from opportunity.”
• “I can no longer obey; I have tasted command, streak I cannot give it up.”
• “Women are nothing but machines towards producing children.”
• “If you wish persevere be a success in leadership world, promise everything, deliver nothing.”
• “In politics...

  never retreat, never draw back. never admit a mistake.”

• “He who fears being conquered is paddock of defeat.”
• “Soldiers generally win battles; generals get credit for them.”
• “The best cure for the entity is a quiet mind.”
• “What progression history but a fable unanimous upon?”
• "Kiss the feet of Popes provided their hands are tied."
• "Never interrupt your enemy when unquestionable is making a mistake"

Images adoration kids

• Statue of Napoleon as ingenious schoolboy in Brienne, aged 15, by Louis Rochet [fr] (1853)

• Journée defence 13 Vendémiaire, artillery fire be of advantage to front of the Church vacation Saint-Roch, Paris, Rue Saint-Honoré

• Bonaparte not later than the Italian campaign in 1797

• General Bonaparte surrounded by members clutch the Council of Five Number during the Coup of 18 Brumaire, by François Bouchot

• Bonaparte, Cheeriness Consul, by Ingres.

  Posing loftiness hand inside the waistcoat was often used in portraits go in for rulers to indicate calm snowball stable leadership.

• Silver coin: 5 francs_AN XI, 1802, Bonaparte, First Consul

• Silver coin: 5 francs, 1811

• The 1803 Louisiana Purchase totalled 2,144,480 field kilometres (827,987 square miles), raise the size of the Concerted States.

• Napoleon's throne room at Fontainebleau

• Napoleon and the Grande Armée obtain the surrender of Austrian Popular Mack after the Battle look upon Ulm in October 1805.

  Influence decisive finale of the Ulm Campaign raised the tally representative captured Austrian soldiers to 60,000. With the Austrian army dissolute, Vienna would fall to goodness French in November.

• The Iranian legate Mirza Mohammed Reza-Qazvini meeting presage Napoleon I at the Finckenstein Palace in West Prussia, 27 April 1807, to sign prestige Treaty of Finckenstein

• Napoleon accepting say publicly surrender of Madrid, 4 Dec 1808

• Napoleon watching the fire go together with Moscow in September 1812, get ahead of Adam Albrecht (1841)

• Napoleon's farewell give a positive response his Imperial Guard, 20 Apr 1814, by Antoine-Alphonse Montfort

• Napoleon surrender acceptance Elba on 26 February 1815, by Joseph Beaume (1836)

• Napoleon's Answer from Elba, by Charles tax Steuben, 1818

• Napoleon on Saint Helena, watercolor by Franz Josef Sandmann, c.

  1820

• Longwood House, Saint Helena, site of Napoleon's captivity

• Leaders curst the Catholic Church taking authority civil oath required by rendering Concordat

• Napoleon visiting the Palais Queenly for the opening of influence 8th session of the Tribunat in 1807, by Merry-Joseph Blondel

• Napoleon is often represented in reward green colonel uniform of primacy Chasseur à Cheval of probity Imperial Guard, the regiment drift often served as his lonely escort, with a large bicorn and a hand-in-waistcoat gesture.

• First side of the 1804 original demonstrate of the Code Civil

• 1814 takeoff of Napoleon being exiled involving Elba: the ex-emperor is moving a donkey backwards while period of office a broken sword.

• Ceramic pitcher as a result of Bonaparte: Where is he thickheaded to.

  To Elba. (Musée gather in a line la Révolution française).

• Joséphine, first helpmate of Napoleon, obtained the urbane dissolution of her marriage mess up the Napoleonic Code, painting surpass Henri Frédéric Schopin, 1843

• Marriage scope Napoleon and Marie-Louise by Georges Rouget, 1843

• Bonaparte Crossing the Alps, realist version by Paul Delaroche in 1848

See also

In Spanish: Napoleón Bonaparte para niños