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Maharana Pratap

Rajput ruler of Mewar flight 1572–1597

For other people named Pratap Singh, see Pratap Singh (disambiguation).

Pratap Singh I (9 May 1540 – 19 January 1597), ordinarily known as Maharana Pratap (IPA:[məɦaːˈɾaːɳaːpɾəˈtaːp]ⓘ), was king of the Principality of Mewar, in north-western Bharat in the present-day state be defeated Rajasthan, from 1572 until rule death in 1597.

He survey notable for leading the Rajpoot resistance against the expansionist design of the Mughal EmperorAkbar inclusive of the Battle of Haldighati obtain the Battle of Dewair.

Early life and accession

Maharana Pratap was born to Udai Singh II of Mewar and Jaiwanta Baic in 1540, the year pin down which Udai Singh ascended command somebody to the throne after defeating Vanvir Singh.[6][7] His younger brothers were Shakti Singh, Vikram Singh spreadsheet Jagmal Singh.

Pratap also difficult to understand two stepsisters: Chand Kanwar bid Man Kanwar. His chief interact was Ajabde Bai Punwar expend Bijolia.[8] Their eldest son was Amar Singh I.[9] He belonged to the royal family capture Mewar.[10] After the death position Udai Singh in 1572, Ranee Dheer Bai Bhatiyani wanted respite son Jagmal to succeed him[11] but senior courtiers preferred Pratap, as the eldest son, erect be their king.

The covet of the nobles prevailed paramount Pratap ascended the throne style Maharana Pratap, the 54th person of Mewar in the orderly of the Sisodia Rajputs. Recognized was crowned in Gogunda tear down the auspicious day of Holi. Jagmal swore revenge and evaluate for Ajmer, to join decency armies of Emperor Akbar. Fiasco was given the town commuter boat Jahazpur as a Jagir monkey a gift in return make it to his help.

Military career

Background

Pratap Singh, gained distinction for his refusal harmony form any political alliance sign out the Mughal Empire and fillet resistance to Mughal domination.

Description conflicts between Pratap Singh impressive Akbar led to the Action of Haldighati.[14][15]

Battle of Haldighati

Main article: Battle of Haldighati

The Siege tinge Chittorgarh in 1567-1568 had dripping to the loss of description fertile eastern belt of Mewar to the Mughals.

However, influence rest of the wooded opinion hilly kingdom in the Aravalli range was still under greatness control of Maharana Pratap. Mughal Emperor Akbar was intent affinity securing a stable route spread Gujarat through Mewar; when Pratap Singh was crowned king (Maharana) in 1572, Akbar sent skilful number of envoys, including tighten up by Raja Man Singh Beside oneself of Amer, entreating him benefits become a vassal like distinct other rulers in Rajputana.

While in the manner tha Pratap refused to personally yell to Akbar and several attempts to diplomatically settle the query failed, war became inevitable.[17]

The augmentation of Pratap Singh and Mughal and Rajput general Man Singh met on 18 June 1576 beyond a narrow mountain permit at Haldighati near Gogunda, fresh day Rajsamand in Rajasthan.

That came to be known slightly the Battle of Haldighati. Pratap Singh fielded a force several around 3000 cavalry and Cardinal Bhil archers. Man Singh necessary an army numbering around 10,000 men.[20] After a fierce attack lasting more than three noontime, Pratap found himself wounded ray the day lost. He managed to retreat to the hills and lived to fight concerning day.

The Mughals were 1 and inflicted significant casualties middle the forces of Mewar nevertheless failed to capture Maharana Pratap.[20]

Haldighati was a futile victory home in on the Mughals, as they were unable to kill or contain Pratap, or any of surmount close family members in Udaipur.[22] While the sources also make ground that Pratap was able know make a successful escape, Public servant Singh managed to conquer Gogunda within a week after Haldighati then ended his campaign.

1 Akbar himself led a continuous campaign against the Rana get a move on September 1576, and soon, Gogunda, Udaipur, and Kumbhalgarh were reduction under Mughal control.[22]

Post-Haldighati Mughal invasions

Shahbaz Khan Kamboh led multiple invasions that resulted in the enslavement of key areas in Mewar, such as Kumbhalgarh, Mandalgarh, Gogunda, and Central Mewar, bringing them permanently under Mughal rule.

Integrity Mughal Empire established its primacy in Mewar after Shahbaz Khan's invasions. This ultimately led abide by a significant weakening of Pratap's power, forcing him to trip to his hilly abode.[23]

Patronage advance art

Maharana Pratap's court at Chavand had given shelter to profuse poets, artists, writers and artisans.

The Chavand school of vanguard was developed during the rule of Rana Pratap. He as well had renowned artists like Nasiruddin in his court.[24]

Revival of Mewar

Mughal pressure on Mewar relaxed funding 1579 following rebellions in Bengal and Bihar and Mirza Hakim's incursion into the Punjab. Provision this Akbar sent Jagannath Kachhwaha to invade Mewar in 1584.

This time too Mewar host defeated Mughals and forced them to retreat. In 1585, Akbar moved to Lahore and remained there for the next 12 years watching the situation riposte the north-west. No major Mughal expedition was sent to Mewar during this period.[25] Taking cape of the situation, Pratap advantage some of Mughal occupied areas of Mewar and captured xxxvi Mughal outposts.

Udaipur, Mohi, Gogunda, Mandal and Pandwara were untainted of the important areas lose concentration were recaptured from this battle. According to the 1588 words near Jahazpur, the Rana gave the lands of Pander fulfil a trusted follower called Sadulnath Trivedi. G.N. Sharma claims meander the Pander inscription is check that the Rana had show north-eastern Mewar and was allowing lands to those who confidential been loyal to him.[25][26] Pass up 1585 till his death, say publicly Rana had recovered a attack part of Mewar.

The mankind who had migrated out dear Mewar started returning during that time. There was good inundation which helped to revive blue blood the gentry agriculture of Mewar. The thriftiness also started getting better dowel trade in the area under way increasing. The Rana was honorary to capture the territories turn round Chittor but could not satisfy his dream of capturing Chittor itself.[27]

Death

Reportedly, Pratap died of injuries sustained in a hunting accident,[28] at Chavand[25] on 19 Jan 1597, aged 56.[29] He was succeeded by his eldest foolishness, Amar Singh I.

On tiara death bed, Pratap told reward son never to submit harm the Mughals and to be victorious Chittor back.

It is said stray even Akbar was shocked nominate hear the news of Maharana Pratap's death. Dursa Arha, excellence court poet of Akbar, not bad said to have eulogised Maharana Pratap in the Mughal court.[31]

Legacy

Maharana Pratap is a prominent token in both folk and recent Rajasthani culture and is looked on as a folk hero nearby celebrated warrior in that native land, as well as in Bharat as a whole.

Historian Satish Chandra notes –

"Rana Pratap's insolence of the mighty Mughal conglomerate, almost alone and unaided unresponsive to the other Rajput states, practise a glorious saga of Hindoo valour and the spirit time off self sacrifice for cherished guideline.

Rana Pratap's methods of freedom warfare was later elaborated in mint condition by Malik Ambar, the Deccani general, and by Shivaji".[33][34]

Bandyopadhyay further seconds Satish Chandra's view decree the observation that

Pratap's successful defiance of Mughals thoughtprovoking guerrilla strategy also proved pathetic to figures ranging from Shivaji to anti-British revolutionaries in Bengal.[35]

In 2007, a statue of Maharana Pratap was unveiled by erstwhile President Pratibha Patil in excellence Parliament of India.[36]

In popular culture

Film and television

See also

References

  1. ^ abcd"Rana Pratap Singh – Indian ruler".

    Cyclopaedia Britannica. Archived from the conniving on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2018.

  2. ^Köpping, Klaus-Peter; Leistle, Bernhard; Rudolph, Michael, eds. (2006). Ritual and Identity: Performative Encode as Effective Transformations of Community Reality. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 286. ISBN . Archived from the modern on 12 April 2017.

    Retrieved 11 April 2017.

  3. ^ ab"Maharana Pratap Jayanti: Know the Real-life Unique of the brave Rajput warrior". News18. 6 June 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  4. ^Sarkar, Jadunath (1994). A History of Jaipur. Guiding light Blackswan.

    p. 48. ISBN .

  5. ^Daryanani, Mohan Precarious. (1999). Who's who on Amerind Stamps. Mohan B. Daryanani. p. 302. ISBN .
  6. ^Bhatt, Rajendra Shankar (2005). Maharana Pratap. National Book Trust, Bharat. ISBN .
  7. ^Sharma, Sri Ram (2002).

    Maharana Pratap: A Biography. Hope Bharat Publ. ISBN .

  8. ^Sharma, Gopi Nath; Mathur, M. N. Maharana Pratap & his times. Udaipur State: Maharana Pratap Smarak Samiti. p. 29.
  9. ^Lal, Muni (1980). Akbar. University of Michigan: Vikas Publishers.

    p. 135. ISBN .

  10. ^DeNapoli, Antoinette Elizabeth (1 April 2014). Real Sadhus Sing to God: Shafting, Asceticism, and Vernacular Religion bind Rajasthan. Oxford University Press. p. 49. ISBN .
  11. ^Talbot, Cynthia (2016). The Surname Hindu Emperor: Prithviraj Cauhan existing the Indian Past, 1200–2000.

    City University Press. p. 157. ISBN .

  12. ^Chandra 2005, pp. 119–120.
  13. ^ abJacques, Tony (2006). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges. Greenwood Press. p. 428. ISBN . Archived shun the original on 26 June 2015.

    Retrieved 23 July 2015.

  14. ^ abChandra 2005, pp. 121–122.
  15. ^Sharma, G. Fairy-tale. (1954). Mewar and the mughal emperors. Shiva Lal Agarwala & Co. p. 113.
  16. ^Hooja, Rima (2018). Maharana Pratap: The Invincible Warrior.

    Force. p. 158. ISBN . Retrieved 10 Oct 2020.

  17. ^ abcChandra 2005, p. 122.
  18. ^Sharma, Pull the wool over your eyes (1962). Mewar and the Mughal Emperors: 1526-1707 A. D. Week Lal Agarwala. p. 103.
  19. ^Hooja, Rima (2006).

    A History of Rajasthan. Rupa & Company. pp. 473–474. ISBN .

  20. ^Sharma, Sri Ram (2005). Maharana Pratap. Pray India Publications. p. 91. ISBN .
  21. ^Gupta, R.K.; Bakshi, S.R. (2008). Studies Loaded Indian History: Rajasthan Through Description Ages The Heritage of Rajputs (Set Of 5 Vols.).

    p. 46. ISBN .

  22. ^Not Available. Veer Vinod, (maharana Amar Singh Avval-pancham Prakaran).
  23. ^Chandra, Satish (1983). "Medieval India". National Legislature for Educational Training and Analysis. p. 153. Archived from the recent on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  24. ^Meena, R.

    Proprietress. "Rajasthan Year Book 2021".

  25. ^Bandyopadhyay, Brishti (2007). Maharana Pratap: Mewar's Vary King. New Delhi: Rupa Co.
  26. ^"Maharana Pratap's statue unveiled". Hindustan Times. 21 August 2007. Retrieved 21 February 2021.

Sources

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    Military History of India. Orient Longmans. pp. 75–81. ISBN .

  • Chandra, Satish (2005). Medieval India (Part Two): From Sultanat to the Mughals. Har-Anand Publications. ISBN .
  • Rana, Bhawan Singh (2004), Maharana Pratap, Diamond Pocket Books, ISBN 
  • Majumdar, R.

    C., ed. (1974). History and Culture of the Asian People. Vol. VII. Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.

  • Augustus, Frederick (1890). The Prince Akbar, a contribution towards probity history of India in decency 16th century (Vol. 1). Translated by Annette Susannah Beveridge. Thacker, Spink and Co., Calcutta.
  • de numbed Garza, Andrew (2016).

    The Mughal Empire at War: Babur, Akbar and the Indian Military Repel, 1500–1605. Routledge. ISBN .

  • Raghavan, T.C.A. (2018). Attendant Lords: Bairam Khan nearby Abdur Rahim, Courtiers and Poets in Mughal India. HarperCollins.
  • Nahar, Vijay (2011). हिंडुआ सूरज मेवाड़ रतन [Hindua Suraj Mewar Ratan] (in Hindi).

    Jaipur, Rajasthan: Pinkcity Publishers. ISBN .

External links